ingestible · for blood sugar support
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)
Reviewed by the Nimbera editorial team · Last updated May 2026
How to use
Take 300-600 mg/day of R-lipoic acid (the biologically active form) or racemic alpha-lipoic acid on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes before meals for best absorption (food significantly reduces bioavailability). The R-form is more potent and better absorbed than S-lipoic acid. For neuropathy: 600-1,200 mg/day is used clinically.
How it works
ALA is a mitochondrial co-enzyme essential for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (glucose metabolism entry point). It improves insulin sensitivity by activating AMPK and Akt signalling, increases GLUT4 translocation to muscle cell surfaces, and is a potent broad-spectrum antioxidant. In diabetic neuropathy, it reduces oxidative stress in peripheral nerve cells.
Where to buy
Thorne Alpha-Lipoic Acid ($20-$30/90 capsules, racemic), Jarrow Formulas R-Lipoic Acid ($25-$35/60 capsules, R-form), NOW Foods Alpha Lipoic Acid ($10-$15/120 capsules) - at pharmacies and health food stores.
Typical cost: $15-$35/month depending on form.
Safety notes
May cause hypoglycemia when combined with diabetes medications - monitor blood glucose and inform your doctor. GI side effects (nausea, vomiting) are more common at higher doses and on an empty stomach - reduce dose if this occurs. Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis at very high doses - monitor thyroid function in hypothyroid patients on high-dose ALA. Biotin depletion is theoretically possible with long-term high-dose ALA (take a B-complex). Very rare: insulin autoimmune syndrome reported in Asian populations at high doses.
Drug & supplement interactions
- Always tell your doctor or pharmacist about any supplements you take.
- Interactions can occur with prescription medications, blood thinners, and immunosuppressants.
- Herbal remedies can affect how the body absorbs or metabolises drugs.
- Check drugs.com interactions checker before starting.
Clinical source
Akbari et al. 2020 - Diabetes Res Clin Pract (PMID 32370731)This information is compiled from primary clinical literature and is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Read our full disclaimer.