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Regular Aerobic Exercise

Reviewed by the Nimbera editorial team · Last updated May 2026

A landmark study by Erickson et al. (2011) in PNAS found that aerobic exercise increased hippocampal volume by 2% in older adults, reversing age-related memory decline, with corresponding improvements in spatial memory.Free to low cost

How to use

Aim for 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or jogging). Even three 30-minute sessions per week show significant cognitive benefit. Consistency over months matters more than intensity.

How it works

Aerobic exercise elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), often called 'fertilizer for the brain,' which drives neurogenesis in the hippocampus. It also improves cerebral blood flow, reduces cortisol-driven neuronal damage, and enhances sleep quality.

Where to buy

No purchase needed. Walking outdoors, a gym membership, or a bicycle are all sufficient.

Typical cost: Free to low cost

Safety notes

Consult a doctor before starting a new exercise program if you have cardiovascular conditions, joint problems, or are sedentary. Start gradually and build intensity over weeks.

Drug & supplement interactions

  • Always tell your doctor or pharmacist about any supplements you take.
  • Interactions can occur with prescription medications, blood thinners, and immunosuppressants.
  • Herbal remedies can affect how the body absorbs or metabolises drugs.
  • Check drugs.com interactions checker before starting.

This information is compiled from primary clinical literature and is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Read our full disclaimer.